Written Answers Nos. 94-114
94. Deputy Alan Dillon asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications if he will outline the process to support County Mayo to secure the multimillion-euro investment it needs for offshore wind farms and ancillary development; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [20839/23]
View answer95. Deputy Alan Dillon asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications how he intends to promote investment in floating wind farms with generating electricity capacity along the coast of County Mayo; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [20840/23]
View answerI propose to take Questions Nos. 94 and 95 together.
Under the Climate Action Plan 2023, the Government has committed to achieving at least 5GW of installed offshore wind capacity by 2030, representing the first steps in achieving a long-term plan, set out in the Programme for Government, to take advantage of a potential of at least 30GW of floating wind post-2030.
The Government’s approach to the development of offshore wind in Ireland, including on the west coast, involves several workstreams which are underway simultaneously:
• Phase One, which corresponds to the first offshore renewable electricity auction (ORESS 1), for delivery by 2030;
• Phase Two, which involves an accelerated work programme for the delivery of 5GW by 2030, as established by the Phase Two Policy Statement;
• Phase Three, which targets an additional 2GW of floating wind capacity to be in development by 2030, and
• the Future Framework for offshore wind post-2030.
The Phase One projects, which will be the first batch of projects to progress through the planning process and offshore auctions, will deploy fixed-bottom technology, with the majority of these Phase One projects on the east coast and one on the west coast. The combined capacity of all Phase One projects is approximately 4.4GW. However, some Phase One projects may fail to secure a route to market or a development consent. As a result, Phase Two projects will make up the balance to meet the 2030 target.
Fixed-bottom wind turbines are the only proven offshore wind technology currently in operation at scale in any jurisdiction around the world. Because of this, most of Ireland’s proposed offshore wind farms for this decade will utilise this technology. Given this, in the initial years of our offshore energy sectoral development in Ireland, our objective will be achieved through the deployment of this technology.
Floating wind is a developing technology, and I am fully committed to a longer-term plan that will enable the siting of floating wind turbines in our southern and western maritime area pending technological developments. Through the work currently being carried out on the draft update to the Offshore Renewable Energy Development Plan (OREDPII), my Department is preparing for this well ahead of time and over the next few years we will build a framework of plans to support and develop this unique opportunity for Ireland.
The development of offshore wind across all phases is co-ordinated by the inter-departmental, inter-agency, Offshore Wind Delivery Taskforce, chaired by my department, to drive a whole of government mobilisation of the economy towards offshore wind.
96. Deputy Claire Kerrane asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications if he will comment on reports that Bord na Móna have imported wood chips from Brazil for use in its power station in Edenderry. [20861/23]
View answerOperation of Edenderry Power Plant is a matter for Board and management of Bord na Móna and not one in which I as Minster have any function.
As part of its Brown to Green Strategy, Bord na Móna is now fully focused on renewable energy generation, recycling, peatlands restoration, biodiversity and the development of new low carbon enterprises. It will continue expanding its sustainable project portfolio to support Ireland to achieve its renewable energy requirements by 2030, and its net zero emissions by 2050.
The Edenderry Power Plant will be 100% biomass-fuelled by 2024. A combination of biomass materials is required to produce the correct fuel mix for power generation. In order to achieve the necessary biomass mix to fuel the Edenderry Plant, Bord na Móna sources sustainable residual material predominantly from indigenous suppliers, and the remainder, which cannot be sourced locally due to volume and suitability constraints, is supplemented with material sourced internationally .
97. Deputy Darren O'Rourke asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications to provide a breakdown of the budget allocations for each programme under the subhead B4 of the Revised Estimate for 2023. [20958/23]
View answerThe total 2023 Vote allocation for Subhead B.4 Residential / Community Retrofit Programmes within my Department is €355.3 million. The breakdown for each programme is as follows:
|
Residential / Community Retrofit Programmes |
Current Vote Allocation (€000) |
Capital Vote Allocation (€000) |
|
Better Energy Communities |
300 |
65,000 |
|
Better Energy Homes |
1,600 |
48,000 |
|
Better Energy Warmer Homes |
1,119 |
146,000 |
|
Building Energy Rating (BER) Supports |
0 |
1,800 |
|
Community Activation Fund |
50 |
6,000 |
|
Deep Retrofit |
65 |
0 |
|
Demand Generation - National Retrofit |
1,050 |
0 |
|
One Stop Shop Development |
850 |
45,000 |
|
Renewable Electricity Support Scheme - Communities |
101 |
1,000 |
|
Retrofit Development |
1,150 |
0 |
|
Solar PV |
680 |
35,500 |
|
Total |
6,965 |
348,300 |
In addition, a further €8.1 million has been allocated for residential and community retrofit from the Energy Efficiency National Fund.
98. Deputy Darren O'Rourke asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications if he will specify the amount of the targeted 0.9 MtCO2eq abatement by 2025 (vs 2018) under the theme of the National Retrofit Plan within the residential built environment sector of the Climate Action Plan 2023 is anticipated to be delivered by the retrofitting of 120,000 dwellings to BER B2 cost optimal or carbon equivalent specifically. [20959/23]
View answer99. Deputy Darren O'Rourke asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications to provide a breakdown of the amount of the targeted 0.9 MtCO2eq abatement by 2025 (vs 2018) under the theme of the National Retrofit Plan – as outlined in the built environment section of the Climate Action Plan 2023 – is anticipated to be delivered through the retrofitting of 120,000 dwellings to BER B2 cost optimal or carbon equivalent standard and the installation of heat pumps in 45,000 existing dwellings. [20960/23]
View answerI propose to take Questions Nos. 98 and 99 together.
The National Residential Retrofit Plan, published in November 2021, is a comprehensive programme aimed at retrofitting 500,000 dwellings to a Building Energy Rating (BER) of B2/cost optimal or carbon equivalent by 2030. As part of this plan, 400,000 heat pumps will be installed in existing dwellings replacing older, less efficient fossil-fuel based heating systems. The estimated emissions reduction resulting from the National Residential Retrofit Plan is 2Mt CO2eq. by 2030, based on modelling carried out as part of the Climate Action Plan development process.
The Climate Action Plan 2023 includes targets to achieve a 0.9MtCO2eq abatement by 2025 from the residential sector through retrofitting the equivalent of 120,000 homes to BER B2/cost optimal with 45,000 of these installing a heat pump. The heating system in a home forms part of the BER calculation. Therefore the installation of heat pumps is an integral part of achieving the carbon reductions required from the retrofit programme and is built into the target of 0.9MtCO2eq.
To accelerate and drive delivery in this key area, a Heat and Built Environment Delivery Taskforce has been established. This Taskforce is focussing on the acceleration of system-wide project and programme delivery, ensuring blockages are removed in relation to retrofitting, renewable heat, district heating networks, decarbonisation of heating, and operational energy use optimisation in the building stock. Future high-level actions, to be taken in respect of these areas, will be set out in subsequent Climate Action Plans.
100. Deputy Darren O'Rourke asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications the number of homes that have achieved a B2 cost optimum standard in each of the years 2020 to 2022 and to-date in 2023, in tabular form. [20961/23]
View answer102. Deputy Darren O'Rourke asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications to provide a breakdown of the average cost to retrofit a home to a BER cost optimum standard for each retrofit scheme under subhead B4 in tabular form. [20963/23]
View answer103. Deputy Darren O'Rourke asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications to provide a breakdown of the average cost to retrofit a home to a BER cost optimum standard for each retrofit scheme under subhead B4 in each of the years 2020 to 2022 and to-date in 2023, in tabular form. [20964/23]
View answer107. Deputy Darren O'Rourke asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications the number of homes that have been retrofitted to a B2 cost optimum standard under the One-Stop-Shop scheme also had a heat pump installed in 2022 and to-date in 2023, in tabular form. [20968/23]
View answerI propose to take Questions Nos. 100, 102, 103 and 107 together.
The Climate Action Plan and National Retrofit Plan set ambitious targets to retrofit the equivalent of 500,000 homes to a Building Energy Rating of B2 and to install 400,000 heat pumps in existing buildings by the end of 2030. The Retrofit Plan estimates that, between 2019 and 2025, almost 185,000 home energy upgrades will be delivered with over 83,000 to a B2/cost optimal level. When the emissions savings from the non-B2 upgrades are included, this is the equivalent of 120,000 B2 upgrades over the period. As a result, there will be a need to deliver, on average, approximately 75,000 B2-equivalent home upgrades per year from 2026 to 2030 to achieve the overall target of 500,000 by 2030.
It is important to note the Building Regulations require that for existing buildings undergoing major renovations, a cost-optimal level of energy performance is achieved. These Regulations equally apply to home energy upgrades supported through SEAI residential and community retrofit schemes. A major renovation is where more than 25% of the building’s surface area is being renovated (e.g. installing external wall insulation on a home). The cost-optimal level is defined as either:
• A primary energy performance of less than 125kWh/m2/year (Building Energy Rating B2); or
• An upgrade of the wall insulation, ceiling insulation and heating system.
In practice this means that where a homeowner is installing external wall insulation on more than 25% of the surface area of their home they must either achieve a BER B2 or carry out additional energy upgrade works to be compliant with the Building Regulations. Further detail and examples are available in Technical Guidance Document Part L of the Building Regulations: www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.gov.ie/239354/b9658f3d-85e5-46ed-8ad1-602c47c65b18.pdf#page=null
SEAI have advised my Department that it does not collate data on those homes that achieved the cost-optimal level without achieving a BER B2. All homes undergoing major renovations should comply with building regulations.
In 2022, the number of homes upgraded to a BER B2 almost doubled, to 8,481. More detailed information is available in the SEAI Home Energy Upgrades 2022 Annual Report available at: www.seai.ie/publications/SEAI-Retrofit-Annual-Report-2022.pdf
101. Deputy Darren O'Rourke asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications to provide a breakdown of the budget allocations for each programme under the subhead B4 of the Revised Estimates for 2022, the March Supplementary Estimates for 2022 and the post-March Supplementary Estimates for 2022, in tabular form. [20962/23]
View answerThe 2022 Revised Estimates Volume, published in December 2021, included an allocation of €263.578m for Subhead B.4 - Residential/Community Retrofit Programmes. The allocation was broken out as follows:
|
Subhead B.04 - Residential/Community Retrofit Programmes |
Current€000 |
Capital€000 |
Total€000 |
|
Residential Energy Poverty |
109,000 |
109,000 |
|
|
Residential Energy Efficiency |
129,868 |
129,868 |
|
|
Community/Micro-Gen |
16,000 |
16,000 |
|
|
Residential/Community Retrofit Programmes |
8,710 |
- |
8,710 |
|
Total |
8,710 |
254,868 |
263,578 |
In February 2022, the SEAI through its Business Planning process, advised my Department that it would require capital funding of €267.2m to deliver almost 27,000 home retrofits in 2022. This was based on demand for grant supports for retrofit works and took account of the significant constraints in the supply chain impacting the retrofit market and the ongoing impact of COVID-19, particularly during early 2022.
As part of the Supplementary Estimate in March 2022, €128.626m capital was reallocated from Subhead B.4 to Subhead B.11 - Electricity Credit. The remaining €126.242m capital allocation in Subhead B.4 was supplemented by capital carryover of €57.917m along with €83.041m from the Energy Efficiency National Fund. This brought the total capital allocation for Residential/Community Retrofit programmes to €267.2m, the full amount required by the SEAI to deliver on the retrofit target – see table below for revised breakdown by scheme:
|
Residential/Community Retrofit Programmes |
Current€000 |
Capital€000 |
Total€000 |
|
BE Warmer Homes |
109,000 |
109,000 |
|
|
BE Warmth & Well-being |
9,000 |
9,000 |
|
|
BE Homes |
38,000 |
38,000 |
|
|
Solar PV |
14,000 |
14,000 |
|
|
BE Communities (Community Energy Grant) |
43,000 |
43,000 |
|
|
Deep Retrofit |
2,200 |
2,200 |
|
|
Renewable Electricity Support Scheme - Communities |
1,000 |
1,000 |
|
|
Building Energy Rating (BER) Supports |
2,000 |
2,000 |
|
|
One Stop Shop Development Scheme |
40,000 |
40,000 |
|
|
Community Activation Fund |
8,000 |
8,000 |
|
|
Microgen |
1,000 |
1,000 |
|
|
Residential/Community Retrofit Programmes |
8,710 |
- |
8,710 |
|
Total Capital Funding |
8,710 |
267,200 |
275,910 |
The provisional out-turn for the Residential/Community programme in 2022 was €200.543m
104. Deputy Darren O'Rourke asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications if a study into the heat loss indicator criteria for the installation of heat pumps has concluded and whether a determination has been made regarding the efficacy of installing a heat pump in homes with a heat loss indicator of >2.3 and 2.6 W/K m2. [20965/23]
View answer106. Deputy Darren O'Rourke asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications the number of homes in the State that are currently heat pump ready. [20967/23]
View answerI propose to take Questions Nos. 104 and 106 together.
The Programme for Government and Climate Action Plan set ambitious targets to retrofit the equivalent of 500,000 homes to a Building Energy Rating (BER) of B2/cost optimal and installation of 400,000 heat pumps in existing homes to replace older, less efficient heating systems by end-2030. This requires a dramatic increase in the number of heat pumps installed each year as we move through the decade.
In February 2022, the heat pump grant was significantly increased with grant support for an air to water heat pump increasing from €3,500 to up to €6,500. For homeowners undertaking a deep retrofit with a heat pump under the National Home Energy Upgrade Scheme (NHEUS) or the Community Energy Grant (CEG) Scheme, additional grant support is available towards required heating system upgrades (emitters etc) as well as a bonus payment of €2,000 to eligible homeowners. This equates to a potential grant support of up to €10,500 available to homeowners upgrading to a heat pump as part of a deep retrofit project.
Furthermore, the construction rule for grant support for installation of heat pumps was changed to allow for homes built and occupied before 2021, making more homeowners eligible for the grant.
Heat pump heating systems are most efficient when they operate in homes with a low level of heat loss. The metric used to determine whether the dwelling has a sufficiently low level of heat loss is the “Heat Loss Indicator” (HLI). SEAI recently commenced a Residential Heat Pump and Heat Loss Indicator Research Pilot to test the performance of heat pumps across 1,000 homes with a higher level of heat loss than is currently required by SEAI for grant support i.e. with a Heat Loss Indicator of >2.3 and 3.0 W/K m2. The aim of the Study is to test the efficacy of installing a heat pump in homes with worse performing HLIs including the heat pump performance and the carbon savings. Results from the Study are expected in 2024.
SEAI advise there is an estimated 19% of existing residential building stock which have a HLI 2.3, and may be suitable for a heat pump. This equates to approximately 328,000 homes.
105. Deputy Darren O'Rourke asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications the number of homes in the State that could have the potential to connect to district heating at the present time or in the short to medium-term. [20966/23]
View answerGovernment recognises the contribution that district heating can make to Ireland’s energy and climate goals. The Climate Action Plan (CAP) 2023 contains actions to facilitate the delivery of up to 2.7TWh of district heating by 2030. Underpinning the potential for district heating in Ireland is the analysis undertaken by the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) as part of the National Heat Study, which indicates that district heating could provide up to 50% of building heating demand in Ireland.
To further develop information in that regard, the SEAI is, in partnership with local authorities, currently engaged in a programme of feasibility studies for district heating. The outputs of this programme will provide further insights into the potential for district heating and will also provide a standardised approach for any future feasibility studies.
Although district heating, as a sector in Ireland, is in its infancy, progress is being made. I recently launched the Tallaght District Heating Scheme, which uses waste energy from a data centre, and this phase of the scheme is providing heat to 32,800m2 of public buildings. When fully operational, the scheme will provide low carbon heat to public sector, commercial and residential customers.
My Department will shortly submit to Government the Report of the District Heating Steering Group which will provide recommendations for the next stages of District Heating development in Ireland.
108. Deputy Darren O'Rourke asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications if the current or future potential of households to connect to district heating is a criterion in determining eligibility for supports that subsidise heat pumps and retrofitting work under the One-Stop-Shop or better energy homes schemes. [20969/23]
View answerThe Programme for Government and Climate Action Plan set ambitious targets to retrofit the carbon equivalent of 500,000 homes to a Building Energy Rating (BER) of B2/cost optimal level and the installation of 400,000 heat pumps in existing homes by end-2030. This represents approximately 30% of the housing stock and is among the most ambitious retrofit programmes worldwide. The budget of €8 billion to the end of the decade and annual allocations set out in the National Development Plan and National Retrofit Plan, underlines the Government’s commitment to achieving these targets.
A particularly important aspect of the Retrofit Plan was the launch, last year, of a new package of enhanced SEAI retrofit supports. Demand across the SEAI residential and community energy upgrade schemes (including Solar PV) was exceptionally high following the introduction of these measures. Over 50,000 applications were received in 2022 an increase of 150% on 2021 levels signalling a strong pipeline of activity for 2023.
There are no eligibility restrictions under these schemes linked to the current or future potential of a home to connect to district heating.
The National Heat Study, published in February 2022, found that in terms of reducing the carbon footprint of domestic heating, heat pumps are the optimal decarbonisation path for domestic heating systems, with district heating also identified as a competitive option that can be widely deployed. The Government has established a Heat and Built Environment Delivery Taskforce and will publish a new National Policy Statement on Heat to guide the Government’s overall response to the National Heat Study across all sectors.
109. Deputy Darren O'Rourke asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications the amount of new renewable energy capacity is expected to be delivered in each of the years 2023 to 2030, specifying the breakdown between onshore wind, solar pv and offshore wind, in tabular form. [20970/23]
View answer110. Deputy Darren O'Rourke asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications the amount of new renewable energy capacity is expected to be delivered in each of the years 2023 to 2030. [20971/23]
View answerI propose to take Questions Nos. 109 and 110 together.
Under Climate Action Plan 23 the Government has committed to achieving 80% of electricity demand from renewable sources by 2030 and to reach at least 22 GW of installed renewable electricity generation capacity by 2030.
The 2030 targets for the individual renewable electricity technologies are:
Onshore Wind: 9 GW
Solar PV: 8 GW and
Offshore Wind: at least 5 GW, with a further 2 GW for green hydrogen / non-grid usage.
By 2025, 6 GW of onshore wind is targeted and up to 5 GW of solar.
This will require unprecedented levels of investment in renewable electricity generation development and in the infrastructure required to expand and strengthen our electricity grid.
The Renewable Electricity Support Scheme (RESS) is one of the main Government policies to deliver this renewable generation capacity, which led to 2022 being a record year for renewable sources being connected to the grid. The second RESS auction is expected to deliver an increase of nearly 20% in Ireland’s renewable electricity generation by 2025. The third RESS auction and first Offshore RESS auction are being held this year, with further auctions to be held in line with the RESS auction calendar.
I refer the Deputy to the published Indicative Schedule of RESS Auctions for further information on the timeline of further RESS auctions and the indicative volume of renewable electricity generation for each auction, RESS - Proposed Auctions Schedule - 86c32a4e-c3a1-4bda-9140-853e89a0f000.pdf (www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.gov.ie/251854/86c32a4e-c3a1-4bda-9140-853e89a0f000.pdf#page=null)
111. Deputy Darren O'Rourke asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications to specify whether EU law or domestic law require the separation of ESB’s generation and supply arms and to specify the specific provisions in the relevant legislation. [20972/23]
View answerThere is both EU and domestic law available at the links below in relation to this matter. The relevant EU legislation is – Directive 2019/944 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 5 June 2019 on common rules for the internal market for electricity and amending Directive 2012/27/EU (recast): eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32019L0944
Specifically Article 35 of the Directive relates to unbundling of DSOs
“1. Where the distribution system operator is part of a vertically integrated undertaking, it shall be independent at least in terms of its legal form, organisation and decision-making from other activities not relating to distribution. Those rules shall not create an obligation to separate the ownership of assets of the distribution system operator from the vertically integrated undertaking.
2. In addition to the requirements under paragraph 1, where the distribution system operator is part of a vertically integrated undertaking, it shall be independent in terms of its organisation and decision-making from the other activities not related to distribution. In order to achieve this, the following minimum criteria shall apply:…”
Irish legislation of relevance includes – Electricity Regulation Act 1999 as amended, (eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32019L0944) as well as Part 2 of SI 280/2008 (www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2008/si/280/made/en/print), which relates to separation of the functions of the Board (ESB).
Section 14(13) Electricity Regulation Act 1999 states
(b) Subject to such arrangements as the Commission may approve in the interest of economic efficiency in relation to the discharge by the holders of licences of their functions under paragraphs (f) and (g) of subsection (1), the Commission shall ensure that the licence granted pursuant to the said paragraph (g) shall contain provisions which—
(i) secure the complete and effective separation of that part of the business of the licensee as relates to any of the operation, maintenance and development of the distribution system (or any part thereof) from all other parts of its business, and
(ii) require the preparation of separate accounts in respect of that part of the licensee’s business which relates to the operation, maintenance and development of the distribution system (or any part thereof).
112. Deputy Robert Troy asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications when will the property owner (details supplied) be able to avail of high-speed broadband. [20980/23]
View answerThe premises referred to in the Question is located in the BLUE area on the NBP High-Speed Broadband Map which is available on my Department's website at www.broadband.gov.ie.
BLUE areas are not included in the State intervention area covered by the National Broadband Plan as commercial operators are already providing high-speed broadband or have indicated future plans to do so. My Department defines high-speed broadband as a connection with minimum speeds of 30Mbps download and 6Mbps upload.
Officials from my Department have been advised by Open eir that fibre will be rolled out to this premises in H2 2023.
113. Deputy Marian Harkin asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications what actions are planned to address the gap in pensions for An Post workers employed after 1984, as opposed to those employed pre 1984 who will receive a Public Service Pension; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [20982/23]
View answerUnder section 46 of the Postal and Telecommunications Services Act 1983, the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications, with the concurrence of the Minister for Public Expenditure, NDP Delivery and Reform, approves any superannuation schemes submitted by An Post. The operation of the schemes is a matter between the management of An Post, staff representatives and the trustees of the schemes.
114. Deputy Claire Kerrane asked the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications if any supports are offered by energy companies to assist customers with an illness (details supplied) with more expensive energy bills; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [20985/23]
View answerA vulnerable customer is defined as a domestic customer who is critically dependent on electrically powered equipment, which includes, but is not limited to, life protecting devices, assistive technologies to support independent living and medical equipment. This category of vulnerable customer cannot be disconnected for non-payment of account at any time. It is important that people who are in such situations contact their energy supplier to register with them as a vulnerable customer. Their energy supplier will then notify ESB Networks. ESBN maintains a Vulnerable Customer Register based on the information provided to them by suppliers.
SEAI are also currently finalising a scheme to provide Solar PV to vulnerable customers registered as being dependent on electrically powered assistive devices. This €20m scheme is targeted to provide direct support to over 3,000 vulnerable customers who may have limited opportunity to reduce their demand.
Responsibility for the regulation of retail electricity and gas markets was assigned to the CRU under the 1999 Electricity Regulation Act and subsequent legislation. The CRU has a legislative obligation to protect the interest of energy customers and promote competition in retail energy markets. Under its legal mandate, the CRU is responsible for implementing customer protection measures, including those for vulnerable customers, which is done by the CRU through the placing of requirements on electricity and gas suppliers and electricity and gas network companies. These obligations are set out in the Electricity and Gas Suppliers’ Handbook and electricity and gas suppliers must comply with these obligations under their supply licence conditions.
Protections for Vulnerable Customers are set out in the Supplier Handbook. The CRU is accountable to the Oireachtas and has a dedicated email address for Oireachtas members: oireachtas@cru.ie
